Background:
In January, the people of South Sudan unequivocally expressed their desire to separate from the Republic of Sudan, with almost 99 percent voting for secession. In spite of isolated instances of violence, worst-case scenarios— including a potential return to warfare between the North and the South if the referendum were delayed or mishandled—were averted. The South Sudan referendum went off smoothly and on time. It was a transparent process, and the results, officially announced in early February, were accepted by the North. On July 9th, after the six-month post-referendum period stipulated by the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement expires, South Sudan is scheduled to become an independent state. It would be the first new state established in Africa in nearly two decades.
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