Dear Mark Zuckerberg,
We are a global coalition of scholars with expertise at the intersection of psychology, online technology, and health. Recently, we have been following news reports about research within your companies on the mental health of child and adolescent users of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Unfortunately, that research is happening behind closed doors and without independent oversight. Therefore, we have only a fragmented picture of the studies your companies are conducting. We do not believe that the methodologies seen so far meet the high scientific standards required to responsibly investigate the mental health of children and adolescents. Although nothing in the leaks suggests that social media causes suicide, self-harm, or mental illness, these are serious research topics. This work, and the tools you are using should not be developed without independent oversight. Sound science must come before firm conclusions are drawn or new tools are launched. You and your organisations have an ethical and moral obligation to align your internal research on children and adolescents with established standards for evidence in mental health science.
With three billion people using Meta platforms for socialising, leisure, and business it is highly plausible that these virtual environments have far-reaching effects on the mental health of younger users — in both positive and negative ways. The fact that you are conducting the research revealed in recent press reports makes it clear you agree that such effects are a real possibility. While we applaud these attempts to understand how your platforms may be impacting young people’s mental health, we believe that the methodologically questionable and secretive ways your teams are conducting this important work is misguided and, in its present state, doomed to fail. Instead of producing reliable scientific insights, the work has — somewhat predictably — been met with intense scepticism from scientists and widespread alarm by lawmakers, journalists, parents, and young people. This is frustrating, because if the right scientific and ethical tools were in place, data collected by Meta could inform how we understand digital technology use and its influence on mental health in unprecedented ways. We write to help you realise this goal and therefore call on you to commit to three concrete actions to build global confidence in your companies as stewards of our data and architects of the (online) worlds that our children will grow up in.
1. Commit to gold-standard transparency on child and adolescent mental health research
The foundation of modern science is best captured by the Royal Society’s motto: Nullius in verba—Latin for ‘take nobody’s word for it’. This principle applies equally to independent scientists and those who work for Meta. Science only works if independent verification of the methods, analysis pipeline, and data for a given research project are public. The studies we have seen in recent weeks fall well short of this basic standard. Nobody can make informed decisions if we only learn about efforts to study mental health by way of incomplete and sometimes misleading media accounts. Therefore, it
is critical you adopt a proactive stance on open mental health science and provide independent scientists a meaningful alternative to having to take your — or indeed anyone’s — word for it.
We call on you to solicit independent and transparent reviews of all past, present, and future research on child and adolescent mental health — including research on young people in the Global North, South, and conflict regions. Investigating mental health requires the highest standards of evidence, including strong methodology reviewed in advance of data collection. Meta must invite and disclose external reviews for all relevant work, before the work is undertaken, and afterwards commission independent reviews of these projects with public-facing reports. These reviews would require the release of reports, slides, research materials, analysis code, and underlying data once adequately de-identified.
Acting on this commitment will fundamentally advance the science of child and adolescent mental health. First, insights into how Meta studies the health of children and adolescents will help independent scientists and stakeholders understand your goals and findings. Second, it will increase the quality of the science on technology effects generally by setting the standard of good research practices for similar industries. Third, it will limit wasting resources on studies that yield questionable insights yet never see the light of day. Finally, it will earn the trust of the public, and set the agenda for other social media companies to follow.
2. Contribute to independent research on child and adolescent mental health around the globe
Large-scale studies in dozens of countries track cohorts of young people through every phase of life, using genetic, social, psychological, nutritional, educational, and economic data to understand human development. As the lines between online and offline blur, these sources of information increasingly fail to capture the full determinants of mental health. Meta’s platforms capture a wide swath of behaviours that are critical to advancing scientific understanding of child and adolescent mental health in general, and effects linked to Meta platforms in particular.
Meta provides a key missing piece to a critical data puzzle: It will be impossible to identify and promote mental health in the 21st century if we cannot study how young people are interacting online. Combining Meta data with large-scale cohort projects will materially advance how we understand implications of the online world for mental health. Meta also has the potential to overcome a related challenge: Nearly all research on the mental health of youth is based on European, North American, or English-speaking populations. Such a narrow focus reinforces existing biases and neglects the mental health of most young people worldwide. Meta must work with researchers from Africa, Asia, Oceania, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands to co-develop infrastructures in these regions for long-term collaborations. Understanding mental health worldwide also requires engaging with researchers worldwide — not just from certain parts of the world.
Meta has a powerful opportunity to be a leader in contributing to these ongoing cohort studies, to collaborate with researchers in the Global south, and to help provide insights into the interplay between our digital lives and mental health. As more of the lives of young people move online, now is a pivotal time for Meta to act. Contributing data to global studies of child and adolescent mental health empowers scientists to conduct true tests of the potential influences of technology on mental health. Meta could lead the way and set a powerful example: Contributing data to ongoing cohort studies will unlock the potential of these efforts to understand risk and resilience factors of the human condition.
3. Establish an independent oversight trust for child and adolescent mental health on Meta platforms
The time is right for a new global trust dedicated to promoting credible, independent, and rigorous oversight on the mental health implications of Meta. Expanding upon the Facebook Oversight Board model, in place of quasi-judicial rulings the trust would conduct independent scientific oversight. Evaluating material risks to mental health, collecting scientific evidence, and vetting tools and solutions would be within its purview. It is critical that this trust will be governed by stakeholders in both developed and developing economies, and those working with refugees and young people in conflict areas. You have demonstrated your commitment to independent governance with your support of the Oversight Board in matters of free expression and legal norms. We call upon you to extend this accountability to the critical matter of youth mental health.
A trust dedicated to child and adolescent mental health science would advance our understanding of the risks and benefits to mental health and promote truly evidence-based solutions for online risks on a world-wide scale. It would partner with large-scale research efforts studying child and adolescent mental health in the Global North and develop complementing capacities in the Global South. A global trust underpinned by Meta data and informed by experts and stakeholders with diverse lived experiences can tackle the challenges of studying and promoting mental health of young people.
Closing:
Understanding and supporting child and adolescent mental health in the digital age is a bigger challenge than any one person, company, or team can tackle. We believe your platforms have the potential to play an important role in impacting billions of young people for the common good. This global challenge requires a global solution.
We believe Meta can do better and we write to offer our help.
Signatories:
Maria Ãlvarez, Sentido cip, Mexico
Jesper Aagaard, Aarhus University, Denmark
Noon Abdulqadir, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Alberto Acerbi, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
Emily Aguiló-Pérez, West Chester University of PA, USA
Mohamed (Ahmed) Albashir, University of Alberta, Canada
Nicholas Allen, University of Oregon, USA
Meryl Alper, Northeastern University, USA
Azizah alqahtani, Princess Nourah University, Saudi Arabia
Enrique Amestoy, Cooperativa LibreCoop, Uruguay
Christine Anderl, leibniz-institut für wissensmedien, Germany
Theo Araujo, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
José Arce, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
Louise Arseneault, King’s College London, United Kingdom
Ruben Arslan, University of Leipzig, Germany
Petr Badura, Placký University Olomouc, Czechia
Nicolas Bagattini, Centro Universitario UNO, Uruguay
Thom Baguley, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Derek E. Baird, BeMe Health, USA
Bert Bakker, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Nick Ballou, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
Yvette Barraza-Reyes, University of Southern California, United States
Susanne Baumgartner, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Joseph Bayer, The Ohio State University, USA
María Belén Odena, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Vaughan Bell, University College London, United Kingdom
Clément Bergantz, France
Kathleen Beullens, KU Leuven, Belgium
Ine Beyens, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Sunil Bhave, Purdue University, USA
Joël Billieux, Université de Lausanne, Suisse
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Fran Blumberg, Fordham University, USA
Auxane Boch, Technical University of Munich, Germany
Rachael Bond, University of Susex, United Kingdom
Cara Booker, University of Essex, United Kingdom
Hajo Boomgaarden, University of Vienna, Austria
Alberto Borraccino, University of Torino, Italy
Dina Borzekowski, University of Maryland, USA
Susan Branje, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Johannes Breuer, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
Matthew Broome, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Olivia Brown, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Moritz Büchi, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Gavin Buckingham, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Philippe Burger, University of the Free State, South Africa
Katie Burkhouse, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Kay Bussey, Macquarie University, Australia
Álvaro Cabana, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
John Caccavale, National Alliance of Professional Psychology Providers, USA
Daniel Carranza, DATA Uruguay, Ururguay
Arnaud Carre, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France
Mauro Carrero, La tapera invisible, Uruguay
Chris Chambers, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
Jean-Philippe Chaput, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
Linda Charmaraman, Wellesley College, USA
Ming Chiu, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Drew Cingel, University of California, Davis, USA
Eleanor Clarke, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
Magdalena Claro, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Heather Cleland Woods, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Michelle Clinch, University of Denver, USA
Bronwyne Coetzee, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Sulamunn Coleman, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, USA
Avinash Collis, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
Herkulaas Combrink, University of the Free State, South Africa
Ruth S. Contreras Espinosa, University of Vic, Spain
Andrew Coogan, Maynooth University, Ireland
Judi Cook, The College of New Jersey, USA
Hannes Cools, KU Leuven, Belgium
Anne Cordier, Lorraine University, France
Alicia Cork, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Gabriela Cortez, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
Danielle Cosme, University of Pennsylvania, United States
Alina Cosma, Palacky University Olomouc, Czechia
Jozef Cossey, KU Leuven, Belium
Marc Coutanche, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Wendy Craig, Queen’s University, Canada
Cathy Creswell, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Aaron Cromar, Arizona State University, USA
Donna Cross, University of Western Australia, Australia
Ratko Čuček, Croatia
Ronald Dahl, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Marie Danet, University of Lille, France
Julia Davidson, University of East London, United Kingdom
Max Davie, King’s college london, United Kingdom
Christopher Davis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Pamela Davis-Kean, University of Michigan, United States
Katinka De Wet, University of the Free State, South Africa
Lauren DeLaCruz, Hampton University, USA
Didier Demassosso, Mental Health Innovation Network Africa, Cameroon
Ola Demkowicz, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Matthew J. Dennis, TU Eindhoven, Netherlands
Michael Dezuanni, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Leen d’Haenens, KU Leuven, Belgium
Luciana di Lorenzo, Universidad de la república, Uruguay
Tobias Dienlin, University of Vienna, Austria
Felix Dietrich, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Samantha Dockray, University College Cork, Ireland
Michal Dolev-Cohen, Oranim College of Education, Israel
Jo Doley, Victoria University, Australia
Catherine Drane, Curtin University, Australia
Daniel Dunleavy, Florida State University, USA
Spring Duvall, Salem College, USA
Divya Dwivedi, Supreme Court of India, India
Allison Eden, Michigan State University, USA
Edward, University of Malta, Malta
Steven M. Edwards, Temerlin Advertising Institute, Southern Methodist University, USA
Steven Eggermont, KU Leuven, Belgium
Nelly Elias, Ben-Gurion University, Israel
Mai Elshehaly, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
Sven Engesser, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Walter Ernesto, Analista politico, Uruguay
Paul Evans, University of New South Wales, Australia
Bruno Falissard, Université Paris-Saclay, France
Jasmine Fardouly, University of New South Wales, Australia
Luisa Fassi, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Patricio Feldman, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Aurelio Fernãndez, University of Navarra, Spain
Susana Finquelievich, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Shalom Fisch, MediaKidz Research & Consulting, USA
Jacob Fisher, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
Paul Fletcher, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Flournoy John Flournoy, Harvard University, United States
Elaine Fox, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Nicola Fox Hamilton, Institute of Art, Design and Technology (IADT), Dun Laoghaire, Ireland
Eiko Fried, Leiden University,The Netherlands
Jordan Frith, Clemson University, USA
Victoria Gadea, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay
Suzanne Gage, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Franziska Gaiser, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Germany
Mateo García, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay
Thomas Garnier, 367ppm, France
Amir Gefen, Bar Ilan University, Israel
George Georgiou, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Andrew J. Gerber, Silver Hill Hospital, USA
Irene Gervasio, Uruguay
Alicia Gilbert, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Gary Goldfield, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
Jon Goldin, Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom
Isabela Granic, McMaster University, Canada
Jeffrey Greene, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Siobhan Griffin, University of Limerick, Ireland
Nastasia Griffioen, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Matthew Grizzard, The Ohio State University, USA
Gueta Keren Gueta, Bar-ilan University, the Israeli Society of Victimology, Israel
Marco Gui, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
Katie Gunnell, Carleton University, Canada
Alejandro Gutierrez, Activate Care, USA
Cristian Guzman, The Initiative, USA
Lindsay Hahn, University at Buffalo, USA
Mario Haim, University of Leipzig, Germany
Rebecca Hains, Salem State University, USA
Annabell Halfmann, University of Mannheim, Germany
Jessica Hamilton, Rutgers University, USA
Jeff Hancock, Stanford University,USA
Nelli Hankonen, Tampere University, Finland
David Harris, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Kristen Harrison, University of Michigan, USA
Claire Hawkins, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
Ellen Helsper, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
Emma Henderson, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
Jakob Henke, TU Dortmund University, Germany
Hennessy Eilis Hennessy, University College Dublin, Ireland
Vanessa Hernández, DGETP- ANEP, Uruguay
Higgins-D’Alessandro Ann Higgins-D’Alessandro, Fordham University, United States
Martin Hilbert, University of California, Davis, USA
Joanne Hinds, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Mirka Hintsanen, University of Oulu, Finland
Hannah Hobson, University of York, United Kingdom
Celia Hodent, Independent, Ethical Games, USA / France
Alex Holcombe, University of Sydney, Australia
Tom Hollenstein, Queen’s University, Canada
Alex J. Holte, University of North Dakota, USA
Christopher Hughes, Brown University, USA
Simon Hunter, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom
Richard Huskey, University of California, Davis, USA
Niki Iliadis, The Future Society, USA
Jo Inchley, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Mizuko Ito, University of California, Irvine, USA
Tom Jackson, Centre for Immersive Technologies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Florence Jacob, Nantes University, France
Carrie James, Harvard University,USA
Jeroen Jansz, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Jarman Hannah Jarman, La Trobe University and Deakin University, Australia
David Javet, Université de Lausanne, GameLab UNIL-EPFL, Switzerland
Ana Javornik, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Michaeline Jensen, University of North Carolina Greensboro, USA
Todd Jensen, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Ana Jorge, Lusófona University, Portugal
Paul Jose, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Rolland Julien, Cocoricodes, France
Lari Kangas, Feelette Oy, Finland
Simon Karg, Aarhus University, Denmark
Veli-Matti Karhulahti, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Kathrin Karsay, KU Leuven, Belgium
Vikki Katz, Rutgers University, USA
Herminder Kaur, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
Rogier Kievit, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
Kimberly, Eastern Washington University, USA
Kevin King, University of Washington, USA
Grainne Kirwan, Dun Laoghaire IADT, Ireland
Klein Stefanie Klein, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Germany
Catherine Knibbs, Cybertrauma: University of Salford, United Kingdom
Luka Komidar, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Anne Kouvonen, University of Helsinki, Finland
Peter Koval, University of Melbourne, Australia
Marek Kowalkiewicz, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Rebekka Kreling, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Simon Kruschinski, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
Anna Sophie Kümpel, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Pilar Lacasa, University of Alcalá, Spain
Cecile Ladouceur, University of Pittsburgh,USA
Paul Lanier, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Matthew Lapierre, University of Arizona, USA
Chad Laux, Purdue University, USA
Tama Leaver, Curtin University, Australia
Nicole Legate, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
Dafna Lemish, Rutgers University, USA
Jovita Leung, University College London, United Kingdom
Neil Lewis, Jr., Cornell University & Weill Cornell Medicine, USA
Andreas Lieberoth, Aarhus University, Denmark
Monika Lind, University of Oregon, USA
Silvina Lindner, Independent, Uruguay
Conor Linehan, University College Cork, Ireland
Sonia Livingstone, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
Maria Loades, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Maike Luhmann, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
Marianne Lumeau, University of Angers, France
Rune Kristian Lundedal Nielsen, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Christoph Lutz, BI Norwegian Business School, Norway
William Macallister, University of Calgary, Canada
Rebecca Mace, University College London, United Kingdom
Lucía Magis-Weinberg, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, Perú and México
Silvia Majo-Vazquez, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Arthur J Mariano, University of Miami, USA
Patrick Markey, Villanova University, USA
Martin Rebecca Martin, University of Pennsylvania, United States
Sainz Gabriela Martinez Sainz, University College Dublin, Ireland
Nicole Martins, Indiana University Bloomington, USA
Philipp Masur, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Matthew McAllister, Penn State, USA
Darragh McCashin, Dublin City University, Ireland
Dean McKay, Fordham University, USA
Adrian Meier, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Cindy Mels, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay
André Melzer, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Dar Meshi, Michigan State University, USA
Ewa Międzobrodzka, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kathryn Mills, University of Oregon, USA
Tijana Milosevic
Deborah Mitchison, Western Sydney University, Australia
Arlen Moller, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
Marthe Möller, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Christian Montag, Ulm University, Germany
Yannick Morvan, Université Paris Nanterre, France
Fatima Mougharbel, University of Ottawa, Canada
Marcus Munafò, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
David Murakami Wood, Director of the Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen’s University at Kingston, Canada
Kou Murayama, University of Tübingen, Germany
David Murphy, University of Plymouth (2019-20 President, British Psychological Society), United Kingdom
Faisal Mushtaq, Centre for Immersive Technologies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Vicki Nash, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Juhani Naskali, University of Turku, Finland
German Neubaum, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Dominik Neumann, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Germany
Kwik Ng, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Nicole O’Donnell ,Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
Manuel Ninaus, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Brittany O’Duffy, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Bram Orobio de Castro, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Félix Ortega, University of Salamanca, Spain
Margarita Panayiotou, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Yong Jin Park, Howard University, USA
Charles Parry, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa
Ora Peleg, The Academic College Emek Yezreel, Israel
Rolando Pérez, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Dino Pericos, Library of Alexandria, New Zealand
Christina Peter, University of Klagenfurt, Austria
Jochen Peter, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jennifer Pfeifer, University of Oregon, USA
Jessica Piotrowski, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Lukasz Piwek, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Manuel Podetti, Universidad de la República Uruguay
Loes Pouwels, Radboud University, The Netherlands
Powels Loes Pouwels, Radboud University, The Netherlands
Claudette Pretorius, University College Dublin, Ireland
Ivanka Prichard, Flinders University, Australia
Mitch Prinstein, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Enzo Pulglia, CFE – ANEP, Uruguay
Paul Ramchandani, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Sara Ramos Colmenarejo, London Business School, United Kingdom
Irene Ramos Colmenarejo, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Iain Reid, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Erin Reilly, Hofstra University,USA
Leonard Reinecke, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Rivka Ribak, University of Haifa, Israel
Sean Rife, Murray State University, USA
Charlie Rioux, University of Manitoba, Canada
Myrna Rivas, Center for a New Technology, Puerto Rico
Monica River Mindt, Fordham University/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
Pablo Rivera-Vargas, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
Hans Rocha IJzerman, Université Grenoble Alpes/Institut Universitaire de France, France
Yannick Rochat, Université de Lausanne, GameLab UNIL-EPFL, Switzerland
Luc Rocher, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Graciela Rodríguez-Milhomens, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Uruguay
Jonathan Roiser, University College London, United Kingdom
Silvana Melissa Romero Saletti, UCLouvain, Belgium
Lucia Romo, Université Paris Nanterre/ Hôpital Raymond Poincaré (APHP)/Inserm CESP, U1018, France
Rizwana Roomaney, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Sarah Rose, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom
Daniel Rosen, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Rosenbaum Gail Rosenbaum, Geisinger Health System, United States
Andrés Rosenberg, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
Rosenfeld Barry Rosenfeld, Fordham University, United States
Amy Roy, Fordham University, USA
Dmitri Rozgonjuk, Ulm University/University of Tartu, Germany/ Estonia
Jeanette Ruiz, University of California, Davis, USA
David Ruttenberg, University College London, United Kingdom
Christian Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland
Melanie Sage, SUNY at Buffalo, USA
Katie Salen Tekinbaş, UC Irvine, USA
Christina Salmivalli, University of Turku, Finland
Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
Luis E. Santana, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Chile
Kai Sassenberg, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Germany
Liam Satchell, University of Winchester, United Kingdom
Shubhi Satvik, Earth Trade, India
Damian Scarf, University of Otago, New Zealand
Angelica Schaper, Parent, Spain
Michael Scharkow, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Erica Scharrer, University of Massachusetts, USA
Schmuck Desiree Schmuck, KU Leuven, Belgium
Pascal Schneiders, University of Mainz, Germany
Christina Schnohr, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Susanne Schweizer, University of New South Wales, Australia
Holly Scott, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Flora Seddon, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Alexandra Seddon, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
Edward Selby, Rutgers University, USA
Benjamin Sharpe, University of Chichester, United Kingdom
Heather Shaw, Lancaster University, United Kingdom
Dame Stephanie Shirley CH, Founding donor, OII, United Kingdom
Felix M. Simon, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Jonathan B. Singer, Loyola University Chicago, USA
Akhilesh Singh, India
Benjamin K. Smith, California State University, East Bay, USA
Vanessa Smith-Castro, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Mark Smyth, Psychological Society of Ireland, Ireland
Leah Sommerville, Harvard University, United States
Edmund Sonuga-Barke, King’s College London, United Kingdom
Inti Spinelli, Instituto Uruguayo de Meteorologìa, Uruguay
Paul Stallard, University of Bath, United Kingdom
Valerie Steeves, University of Ottawa, Canada
Daniel Stegmann, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
Colin Steinmann, Open AR Cloud, USA
Chris Ferguson, Stetson University, USA
Jaimee Stuart, Griffith University, Australia
Raphaël Suire, Nantes University, France
Shukla Sumit, Hacking Bharat, India
Theodora Sutton, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Tag Benjamin Tag, University of Melbourne, Australia
Catherine Talbot, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
Diana Tamir, Princeton University, USA
Wai Yen Tang, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Romina Tarifa, Colegio Profesional de Psicopedagogos de Jujuy, Argentina
Laramie Taylor, University of California, Davis, USA
Bethany Teachman, University of Virginia, USA
Eva Telzer, UNC Chapel Hill, USA
Amanda Third, Young & Resilient Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Australia
Siobhan Thomas, University College Cork, Ireland
Marc Tibber, University College London, United Kingdom
Stephanie Tobin, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
John Toumbourou, Deakin University, Australia
Manos Tsakiris, University of London, United Kingdom
Yalda T. Uhls, Center for Scholars & Storytellers UCLA, United States
Uink Bep Uink, Murdoch University, Australia
Sonja Utz, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Germany
Patti M. Valkenburg, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wouter van den Bos, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Mariek Vanden Abeele, Ghent University, Belgium
Laura Vandenbosch, University of Leuven, Belgium
Eric Vanman, University of Queensland, Australia
Stephanie Vanwalleghen, Université Paris Nanterre, France
René Veenstra, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Shruthi Velidi, Independent, USA
Lynette Vernon, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Alexander Voiskounsky, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
Helen Vossen, Utrecht University, Netherlands
Wagstaff Danielle Wagstaff, Federation University Australia, Australia
Rebecca Wald, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Sophie Walsh, Bar Ilan University, Israel
Stuart Watson, Murdoch University, Australia
Andrew Watson, Counsellor in Ottawa, Canada
Rene Weber, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Netta Weinstein, University of Reading, United Kingdom
Wer Beatriz MacDonald Wer, Texas Children’s Hospital, United States
Hartmut Wessler, University of Mannheim, Germany
Jelte Wicherts, Tilburg University, Netherlands
Wilhelm Claudia Wilhelm, University of Vienna, Austria
Rebekah Willett, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Mark Wilson, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Stephan Winter, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
Lara Wolfers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Greg Wood, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
Aidan Wright, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Lucas Wright, Cornell University, USA
Philip Wu, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
Yager Zali Yager, Body Confident Collective, Australia
Jason Yip, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Bieke Zaman, KU Leuven, Belgium
Emilie Zaslow, Pace University, USA
Rafika Zebdi, Université Paris Nanterre, France
Jamie Zelazny, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Sagit Zilberberg, The Open University Israel, Israel
Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck, Griffith University, Australia
David Zuratzi, Layout-devhr International Game Forum, Mexico
Rolf Zwaan, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
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